Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: Anaesthesiology

Course: Anaesthesiology and Intensive care

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical

The aim of lectures, seminars and training in anaesthesiology is to give the students theoretical and practical knowledge about anaesthesia, intensive care medicine and pain treatment, as well as acute and palliative medicine.

Knowledge

-knowledge about drugs used during general anaesthesia

-knowledge about postoperative monitoring

-knowledge about central drugs used in intensive care medicine, AHLR and anaphylactic reactions

-knowledge of the assessment of postoperative patient conditions in relation to release from a postoperative ward /ICU to a general ward

-knowledge about spinal and epidural anaesthesia and the most used nerve blocks

-knowledge about analgesics used for acute and chronic pain treatment and in palliative medicine

-knowledge about pain physiology

-knowledge about indications of/advantages/disadvantages of tracheotomy

-knowledge about cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic and anaphylactic shock and their respective treatment

-knowledge about water, electrolyte and acid-base disorders and relevant treatment protocols

-knowledge about the applicable cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines

-knowledge about the basics of disaster medicine

Skills

- capable of placing an intravenous line, preparing intravenous solutions, taking acid-base samples and of interpreting the results

- capable of recognising critically ill patients and initiating measures that can improve their clinical condition

- capable of starting/continuing advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation

- capable of using drugs such as adrenaline / atropine in conditions such as extreme bradycardia, cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock

- capable of giving adequate information to patients and their families about anaesthesiological problems

- capable of evaluating respiratory function and signs of insufficient respiration

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Minor Surgery (chirurgia minor)Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

Minor surgery is a discipline at the interface between general medicine and surgery carried out in general practice, casualty centres and emergency departments. The field includes diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of simple wounds, soft tissue infections, sprains, dislocations, minor fractures and painful conditions in the muscles and tendons.

Knowledge¿ familiar with the principles for the treatment of different types of traumatic lacerations.¿ familiar with the skin and soft tissue infections that occur and can occur after injuries or as the result of foreign bodies, and their treatment.¿ familiar with the symptoms, signs and treatment of sprains, joint dislocations and minor fractures.¿ familiar with the symptoms, findings and treatment of various soft tissue swellings and pain disorders in muscles, tendons and joints.¿ know when patients with various traumatic wounds, skin and soft tissue infections, sprains, dislocations or fractures should be referred to specialist services

Skills ¿ Be capable of examining different types of wounds and know how to treat them. ¿ capable of applying local injection anaesthesia to the skin and blocking anaesthesia in fingers and toes.¿ capable of closing a simple, clean wound with sutures, tissue glue, staples and tape.¿ capable of examining, diagnosing and treating common soft tissue infections.¿ capable of examining, diagnosing and treating painful conditions in muscles and tendons, sprains, dislocations and minor fractures.

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Breast and Endocrine Surgery

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

The Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery covers diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment of diseases of the breast and the following endocrine organs: thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals and neuroendocrine tumours in the abdomen.

Knowledge

- knowledge of symptoms of the distinct diseases

- knowledge of the diagnostics and treatment of breast diseases

- knowledge of endocrine disorders, their pathophysiology, and clinical presentation

- principles for the diagnosis and treatment of the thyroid

- principles for the diagnosis and treatment of the parathyroids

- principles for the diagnosis and treatment of the adrenals

- principles for the diagnosis and treatment of the neuroendocrine tumours

Skills

- clinical examination of the breast

- focused interview concerning endocrine disorders

- clinical examination of the neck

- clinical examination in connection with systemic endocrine symptoms

- capable of recognising symptoms of diseases of the breast and endocrine diseases

- capable of initiating the required diagnostic procedures

- capable of classifying breast and endocrine diseases with regard to their prognosis and priority

- capable of informing patients about the principles of the diseases, and their diagnostic and treatment options

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Gastroenterological surgery

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

The specialisation Gastroenterological Surgery encompasses diagnostics, treatment and follow-up of surgical diseases in the whole alimentary tract, including the liver, bile ducts, pancreas and spleen. The specialisation also includes traumas in the peritoneal cavity.

Knowledge

• anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology necessary to understand diseases in the alimentary tract and in the abdomen.
• electrolytes and fluid therapy, analgesia and antibiotic therapy related to the abdomen.
• work-up, diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute abdominal pain, dyspepsia, icterus, bleeding from upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, as well as perineal diseases.
• the main principles for interpreting radiological investigations of the GI tract.
• the most important clinical gastrointestinal surgical procedures:

diagnosis, work-up and treatment of the most common gastrointestinal cancer diseases, inflammatory diseases, proctologic conditions and functional disorders, and the most common disorders of the oesophagus, liver and pancreas.

• documenting relevant history-taking and patient work-up in acute and chronic diseases, especially related to acute pain conditions.
• evaluating which patients can be treated as outpatients and which need in-hospital observation and treatment.
• order relevant laboratory tests and their evaluation.

Skills

• capable of taking a relevant patient history - especially related to the abdomen, as well as organs that can harbour diseases and findings outside the abdominal cavity.
• capable of performing a practical clinical investigation related to the whole patient, as well as the abdomen, perineum, chest and back.
• Master ambulatory treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
• capable of communicating with patients and families about severe diseases, with special focus on treatment strategy, complications and side effects, and sometimes also prognosis.

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Vascular Surgery

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

The specialisation Vascular Surgery includes the diagnosing, treatment and follow-up of surgical diseases in the body¿s blood vessels, excluding the heart and intracranial vessels. It also includes trauma of the vascular system.

Knowledge

familiar with the symptoms and treatment of following vascular diseases:

occlusive diseases of the carotid arteries, of the arteries of the extremities (claudication, chronic ischemia, acute ischemia, critical ischemia), of the abdominal arteries

embolism and thrombosis

aneurysm

venous insufficiency of the extremities

chronic leg wounds

know how to treat vascular trauma

Skills

capable of questioning patients about their vascular history

capable of performing a vascular physical examination (ankle index, palpation of pulses, judging of the peripheral circulation)

capable of treating and diagnosing patients with vascular diseases (arterial and venous) in the general practice context

capable of evaluating which patients with vascular diseases should be sent to hospital

capable of giving information to patients with the most common vascular diseases and informing them about which treatments are available in general practice and in hospitals

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Neurosurgery

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

The Neurosurgical specialisation includes diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of surgical diseases in the central nervous system and its bony surroundings.

Knowledge

• how to examine the level of consciousness
• anatomical correlates related to neurological deficits
• the diagnosis, investigation and treatment of symptoms from the hemispheres, cranial nerves, spinal cord and from generalised raised intracranial pressure
• the most commonly seen conditions: tumours, vascular disorders, hydrocephalus, congenital malformations, functional disorders, spinal disorders, including degenerative spine disorders and trauma
• the main principles of neuroradiology
• the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures and interventional neuroradiology
• clinical signs of severe lumbar disc disease
• clinical signs of aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Skills

• capable of taking a history of neurosurgical cases
• capable of performing a correct clinical examination of the nerve system, including the level of consciousness.
• familiar with the principles of neurotraumatology in first-line treatment

General competence

• develop behaviour that establishes contact, confidence and trust in the doctor-patient relationship
• develop cooperation with other occupational groups in the public health service
• know patients¿ legal rights
• know the importance of documenting what has been done regarding the patient, particularly if common practise has not been followed

Description of learning outcomes Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Orthopedic SurgeryResponsible for course: Department of Surgical SciencesKnowledge- the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment of and prognosis for: congenital deformities and disorders of the musculoskeletal system (upper and lower limbs and back)- damage to the musculoskeletal system- infections of the musculoskeletal system- benign and malignant tumours of the musculoskeletal systemSkills- capable of taking an orthopaedic medical history- capable of performing a full orthopaedic examination, specifying the function and passive range of movement in relevant joints- capable of performing a functional neurological examination indicating sensory and motor function in clinically important nerves in the upper and lower limbs- capable of palpating and identifying key muscles and bones in the skeleton- capable of applying the most common plaster casts on the upper and lower limbs- capable, after discussion with and examination of a patient, of arriving at a tentative orthopaedic diagnosis and assessing eventual further investigation- capable of explaining and informing the patient about appropriate treatment and about the prognosis- knowing when it is necessary to refer to specialist care

General competence

• the ability to show respect and empathy towards patients
• as a medical doctor, know how to document what has been found and treated, particularly when something is not according to a normal setting.
• know about patients¿ legal rights in order to be able to give correct information when necessary.
• develop skills and attitudes to create good professional contact with the patient
• develop good working relations with other groups of health care personnel.

Description of learning outcomesSubject area: SurgeryCourse: Plastic Surgery Responsible for course: Department of Surgical SciencesThe specialisation Plastic Surgery includes diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of congenital malformations, traumatology, tumour surgery, wound care, burns, hand surgery, reconstructive surgery and aesthetic surgery.Learning outcomesKnowledge about:

• fundamental aspects of the assessment and treatment of various soft tissue injuries
• the principles for reconstruction of large skin, muscle and fascia defects
• the general principles of conservative / non-operative wound care
• the anatomy of the hand
• the challenges of treating hand burn injuries
• the principles for assessing severely injured patients with burns
• the general principles of severe frostbite treatment
• the basic principles of diagnosis and surgical treatment of malignant melanoma,

basal cell carcinoma and spinocellular carcinomas

• the principles of reconstructive breast surgery
• the principles for choosing suture materials and suture techniques
• providing information to patients about the most common diseases treated by plastic surgeons

Skills

• capable of taking a relevant history of patients with diseases treated by plastic surgeons
• capable of performing a physical examination of the hand
• capable of making a depth and area assessment of burn patients

General competence

• the ability to show respect and empathy towards patients
• as a medical doctor, know how to document what has been found and treated, particularly when something is not according to a normal setting.
• know about patients¿ legal rights in order to be able to give correct information when necessary.
• develop skills and attitudes to create good professional contact with the patient
• develop good working relations with other groups of health care personnel.

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: Radiology (MEDRAD)

Course: Radiology and nuclear medicine

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

This course includes two clinical specialisations: radiology and nuclear medicine / PET. The primary learning aim is to give students basic competence in how to use imaging and image-guided therapy in a safe and cost-effective manner as primary doctors.

Knowledge

1. General principles for reading images from different modalities.
2. Indications for imaging and image-guided therapy, and clinical work-up of the most common clinical problems.
3. Preparation of patients for the different examinations.
4. Practical training in the use of imaging procedures.
5. Reading of images of patients with acute diseases and other serious diseases:

• Thoraxradiology: consolidation, pneumonia, pleural fluid, pneumothorax, cardiomegali, heart failure, trauma, tumour, lung-embolus, aortaaneurysm, aortadissection.
• Uro-genital and vascular radiology: stone disease, infections/abscesses, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, hematuria, acute ischemi, bleeding, trauma, pyelostomi, venous tormbus, claudicatio, angioplastic, stents.
• Pediatric radiology: acute pneumonia, acute abdomen in newborn and young children, urinary tract infections, congenital hip-dyspalsia child abuse.
• Neuroradiology: trauma in head and neck, strokes, CNS bleeding, tumours, hydrocephalus, infections in head and neck. Degenerative diseases of columna (ischias, spinal stenosis).
• Musculoskeletal radiology: fractures, luxations, arthritt/arthrosis, avascular necrosis, epifysiolysis, tumours, infections, dysplastic diseases and normal variants.
• Gastrointestinal radiology: rupture of gut, ileus, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, abscesses, ischemi, tumours, hepatic diseases, free fluid.
• Nuclear medicine: functional examinations of organs, hyperthyreosis, hydronephrosis, coronary ischemia, lung embolus, Parkinson¿s disease, skeletal metastases, staging of cancer by PET.

1. Radiation protection.
2. Side-effects of contrast media for radiography, CT and MR.
3. Contraindications of MR.
4. How to make adequate referrals to specialists.

Skills

1. Knowledge of electronic viewing tools such as RIS, Pacs, Pacs-web and limited use of them.
2. Capable of adequate reading of images of the most common diseases in primary care.
3. Capable of writing an adequate referral
4. Capable of choosing the most adequate radiologic examination for a specific clinical problem.

General competence

• the ability to show respect and empathy towards patients
• as a medical doctor, know how to document what has been found and treated, particularly when something is not according to a normal setting.
• know about patients¿ legal rights in order to be able to give correct information when necessary.
• develop skills and attitudes to create good professional contact with the patient
• develop good working relations with other groups of health care personnel.

Description of learning outcomes

Subject area: SurgeryCourse: Cardiothoracic surgery

Responsible for course: Department of Surgical Sciences

The main objective of the course is to introduce medical students to theoretical and practical aspects of cardiothoracic surgery that are useful to general practitioners.

Knowledge

- familiar with the surgical treatment of and prognosis for lung cancer, spontaneous

pneumothorax, coronary disease, heart valve disease and thoracic aortic disease

- insight into thoracic traumatology, mediastinal diseases, congenital chest wall

disease, thoracic outlet syndrome and the most common congenital heart diseases

- familiar with diagnostic methods and investigation of the most common

cardiothoracic surgical diseases

- capable of informing patients about alternatives in cardiothoracic treatment

- know which patients should be referred for cardiological and